The choice among these options requires that existing data be synthesized first. Discuss the importance of mangrove trees on marine ecosystems. Whilst the immediate negative health problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic have been well documented, the impact of the virus on the mental health (MH) of young adults (age 18-24 years) is poorly understood. But if you wish to score an A+ grade, then before you start writing your research paper, consult with your professor and get approval for your topic. These parameters will also help to shape the direction of each research question you consider. Often, a well-defined scope addresses the following standard questions: The key is to explore and clearly define boundaries and barriers on the front end, which will formally become your research studys delimitations and overall scope. Well, to prepare a research paper, a good topic is needed. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. This gives others a reasonable expectation of what your data will explain, how youve analyzed it and how accurate your measurements were. Explain the causes and effects of road traffic crashes. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Or. I, p. 38). It is also just as important to make clear what aspects will not be covered; i.e. For examples of the scope, you may refer to the following queries . Political geography personified has a nature, just as any human being has a peculiar nature or the psychological tendency. The rationale underlying this recommendation was the difficulty of designing a useful research plan for a broader area given limited funds, coupled with the utility of extending time series at the core of the area affected by the spill in 1989. The focus of each of these programs is much more targeted than is GEM, yet most have more money to spend on a per-area basis (Table 31). In our online database you can find free Geography Research Proposal work for every taste: thesis, essays, dissertations, assignments, research and term papers etc. Unlike researcher-defined delimitations, these limitations are initially unforeseen and outside of the researchers control. Analyze how field studies affect the performance of geography students. Discuss the importance of studying human geography in modern times. Unlike researcher-defined delimitations, these limitations are initially unforeseen and outside of the . One drawback of a large geographic scope is that tremendous resources are required simply to travel to research sites. The scope of the study is always considered and agreed upon in the early stages of the project, before any data collection or experimental work has started. Also check our tips on how to write a, This sample Spatial Theory Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Write about a geophysical delineation of aquifer depths and their characteristics. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, They are, as is inevitable in such a volume, variable in their, Whether it is concluded that they are so or not tends to depend on the time-frame and, This observation raises once again the question of cause and effect for the decreasing, The recast of the regulation needs to clearly mark the opportunities and challenges arising from the expansion of its, Our second reservation concerns the rather wide, We hope that there will be an expansion of this kind of community radio which can be carried on frequencies that have limited, Parliament has advocated the extension of the, What is to happen to a scheme submitted on behalf of a local authority in one area, but affecting an area outside the, Due to space limitations, some versions of the exhibition have a had a more limited, Many of these projects are focused on broadening the. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, They are, as is inevitable in such a volume, variable in their, Whether it is concluded that they are so or not tends to depend on the time-frame and, This observation raises once again the question of cause and effect for the decreasing, The recast of the regulation needs to clearly mark the opportunities and challenges arising from the expansion of its, Our second reservation concerns the rather wide, We hope that there will be an expansion of this kind of community radio which can be carried on frequencies that have limited, Parliament has advocated the extension of the, What is to happen to a scheme submitted on behalf of a local authority in one area, but affecting an area outside the, Due to space limitations, some versions of the exhibition have a had a more limited, Many of these projects are focused on broadening the. occasion Whether or not filling these gaps is necessary can only be determined using a hypothesis-based approach. An example of a delimitation, on the other hand, would be if the researcher opted to focus on third graders and exclude students without special needs from the study. Global Ocean Flux Study (GOFS) was an outgrowth of three separate science community projects that were active in the early 1980s: The National Academies Ocean Studies Board was investigating the feasibility of a program that would conduct long-term studies of the biological and chemical dynamics of the ocean on basin-wide and global scales; the NSF Advisory Committee for the Ocean Science Program was developing a long-range plan; and a separate National Academies committee had identified initial priorities for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. Delimitations help inform the overall scope, which is how deeply a paper, dissertation or study delves into a research question. Writing an research proposal is extremely useful, because it allows the author to definitive or exhaustive interpretation of the subject. While giving assignments, your supervisors will either suggest some latest geography research topics for you to choose from or they may ask you to select a topic of your choice. The Gulf of Alaska is an area of about 1.2 million km2 and the continental shelf in the Gulf of Alaska is 0.37 million km2, about 10 percent of the entire U.S. continental shelf area (Hood, 1986). Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features? interpretation of the subject. geographic scope and performance is spurious. It has also introduced a limitation by only opening recruitment to people that have university emails; i.e. Discuss the influence of humans on various physical land activities. The GEM plan is inconsistent in exactly how synthesis fits into the choice of long-term variables. Book your order and earn more scholastic advantages at an easy go by availing of our reliable 24/7 assignment help services. From this example we can immediately see that the scope of the study has placed a constraint on the sample size to be used and/or the time frame for recruitment of volunteers. The final draft of the paper that is ready for submission should be free from errors and plagiarism issues. Some signs of geography research proposal: The goal of an research proposal in geography is to develop such skills as dGLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) focused on a small area of the Gulf of Alaska. This blog post helps you understand the differences. It also opens the door to future research on whether the results are the same for all third graders. to changes in the system, and most relevant to the programs goals, are chosen for long-term measurement. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Most importantly, the habitat divisions may set up a barrier to understanding links and transfers among habitats. Additional filters are available in search. As an intellectual discipline, geography is divided into the sub-fields of physical geography and human geography, the latter concentrating upon the study of human activities, by the application of qualitative and quantitative research methods. A work devoted to the analysis of The geographical scope of a cargo insurance policy refers to the specific locations and areas in which the policy provides coverage for the loss, damage, or theft of cargo. A comprehensive database of existing research results can aid in the development of these hypotheses. The GEM plan articulates a rationale for focusing on nearshore observations and studies: This area is relatively unstudied, and people living along the coast interact with it directly. Explain how floods influence the lives of people. For example, they might be used to evaluate which of several techniques are most appropriate for remote sensing of nearshore measurements. Some of the forcing functions are not parallel. Their intimate knowledge of the dynamics of the system, based on daily, and often generational, experience (e.g., changes in predator and/or prey abundance in response to climate change or to the introduction of hatchery-reared fish) can significantly broaden the range of research questions and approaches. Discuss the importance of mangrove trees on marine ecosystems. Its chronology and geographical scope are not consistent throughout, rendering comparisons difficult. Quantitative research still uses delimitations to explain what the data will reveal and what they wont. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. Show abstract. As per your needs, the experts in our team will prepare and deliver you a top-notch academic paper before the deadline at a reasonable cost. 3. Conduct a social analysis of why people live in homes built at crossroads. Discuss the causes and effects of Coastal Erosion. This would shift the study from quantitative to qualitative. Given the considerable size of the dataset utilised in this research, processing In this regard GEM might also consider variables that serve as markers of ecosystem health. This is about being objective and about transparently and explicitly sharing what readers can expect from your research study. The geographic focus delimits the spatial extent of the plan. Are there possibilities of volcanoes in the nearest future? of 12 items, Landslide Morphology and Digital Terrain Analysis of the Roughs Landslide Complex Kent UK, Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty Methods, The proposal for an annotated bibliography, Comparing Human Geography in London and Haiti Cholera Outbreaks, History of Eastern United States coast barrier islands land change, A Preliminary Investigation into Township Planning in and around Chennai City Limits. The metrics most sensitive to perturbations or stresses may not be abundance but the size or age structure of populations (Paine et al., 1996; Driskell et al., 2001; Monson et al., 2000). Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done. - easy and free. In case, you are asked to come up with an outstanding topic, then during topic selection, keep the following tips in mind. Explain the significance of taking care of the forests. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. The NSPRMF 2009 spanned the central and southern North Sea and extended into the eastern English Channel and included areas of the sea defined by the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of England, The Netherlands and Belgium.. Write about the most recent trends in geography. No other current programs have this capability, nor are they likely to. Explain how hybrid vehicles can help to control atmospheric pollution. Or, see other combinations with scope . The Alaska Coastal Current travels through a relatively narrow band (<50 km) of the coastal region of the Gulf of Alaska, so it would be useful to use two different habitats instead: (1) the nearshore to 50 km, including bays, sounds, and the Alaska Coastal Current; and (2) the continental shelf. Hopefully, the list of geography research topics and ideas recommended in this blog post will be helpful for you to prepare an outstanding research paper. Also check our tips on how to write a research paper,, This sample Towns Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. It delineates the level of the object of study that would be covered by the particular research work so that both the reader and writer have a perspective of what is aimed at and what is to be expected. the - Scope of Report - Assumptions. In contrast, there are numerous funding sources for short-term research projects. Long- and short-term studies differ in their focus and their funding requirements. Offerors are requested to check one of the following boxes:[ ] The Geographic Scope of Contract will be domestic and overseas delivery. Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name. Geographical Scope. Explain the effectiveness of drainage networks to combat floods. We emphasize again that this framework is not prescriptive but is provided to illustrate how study of linkages might be accomplished. According to its title, the GEM plan takes the Gulf of Alaska as its scope. The population or sample that you are studying. In this study, Finally, in 1990 the JGOFS Long Range Science Plan was published, based in part on the recommendations of the workshops. Discuss the relationship between aircraft movements and airfares. Discuss the impact of ocean acidification on the environment. Flows of energy, impact, or materials. This focus can be provided in a number of ways. How does climate influence the distribution of different animals in different regions? This is a clear definition of how the outcome measure will be investigated and any other methods are not within the scope of research and their exclusion may be a limitation of the study. Three interrelated elements must be defined when setting the scope of a science plan in order to focus attention and resources on a practical subset of the vast array of possible research questions. While variables may be added, core variables must never be dropped or the usefulness of the long-term data set will be compromised. Many of the natural changes in the Gulf of Alaska are thought to cycle at intervals of several decades. Research delimitations can shape and inform a studys research objectives, methodology, variables and target populations. Thus, lack of temperature and salinity data in this area would be identified as a knowledge gap and given high priority. It is unclear whether they will include community, manager, and researcher participation. creative thinking and writing out your own thoughts. . A well-defined research or study scope enables a researcher to give clarity to the study outcomes that are to be investigated. Formally, we define a geographical scope of a document as the region or area for which the document is geographically relevant. As an example of this line of critique, Dess et al. If the scope is too broad, the study may go on a long time. Ready to take your reading offline? The input is represented by a document or a set of documents, and the output is the geographic scope, which can be used by a system as part of a more complex task or directly presented to users. Explore this blog post and get interesting topic ideas for preparing an informative geography research paper. Introduction, market actuation product Objective of Study and analysis Scope the world Actinic Keratosis Drugs Sales market (2023 . Sign Up Help Table 1 shows geographical information explored by different authors in the literature to determine the geographical scope of a document. These data can be helpful in measuring patterns and averages and in testing theories. Prof Mair gained her PhD in cognitive neuroscience from Bournemouth University in 2004. These questions actually begin to develop a set of hypotheses about how natural and anthropogenic factors influence ecosystem functioning, recognizing that different factors may be important in different habitats. Discuss the effects of mining on the environment. Raise Your Grades with Great Assignment Help, 110 Best Geography Research Topics for Students to Get Started, Simple Steps for Writing a Geography Research Paper, Tips for Selecting an Ideal Geography Research Paper Topic, Top 135 Environmental Science Research Topics, Different Types of Essay Formats- MLA, APA, and Chicago, APA vs. MLA: Learn the Major Differences between the Citation Styles, Top 130 Bioethics Topics To Consider For Writing a Research Paper, 150 Excellent Business Essay Topics and Ideas To Focus On, 150 Intriguing Cultural Research Topics for you to Consider, 162 Intriguing Science Research Paper Topics for you to Explore, 136 Best Geology Research Topics for Academic Writing, An Understanding of the Language Features and Structural Features, 150+ Fabulous Criminology Dissertation Ideas for you to Consider. eSEA (Sound Ecosystem Assessment) was a major portion of EVOSTC-funded research, developed in 1993 and ran for seven years. Finally, how the program will be implemented must be made clear. This incorporates data such as sample size, geographical location, variables, and the method of analysis. Sample 1 Sample 2 See All ( 4) Geographical Scope. Determining who carries out long-term research is particularly difficult because it cannot (and should not) be assumed that the same research group will collect the information for the next 100 years. What are the consequences and impact of child labor on the demography and economy? Community involvement. Demand Planning Software Market Research Report by Geographical Analysis and Forecast 2023 to 2031 For the GEM program enormous amounts of data already exist on the physical and biological features of the Gulf of Alaska, much of which has been generated by Trustee Council-supported research undertaken since the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The aim of this study is to report on MH changes in population group due to the pandemic. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price. When youre planning the launch of a study or report, youll need to make some important decisions to limit the people youre researching and the ways youll conduct your study. When resources are finite, there are inevitable tradeoffs between the intensity and geographic focus of research. Limitations and delimitations in research both clearly define the boundaries of the research problem that youre studying. These parameters usually consist of the sample size, the duration, inclusion and exclusion criteria, the methodology and any geographical or monetary constraints. Research the perceived factors affecting students in a geography examination. Idioms with the word back, Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? The committee recognizes that short-term studies can be valuable for optimizing long-term study design. Idioms with the word back, Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023, 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? Identification of suitable variables for long-term research will in the end be carried out by the steering committee as it develops proposal solicitations and evaluation criteria. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. what is outside of the scope of the study. Is the scale relevant to the hypotheses of interest? Indeed, this problem is epitomized by the list of interim projects in GEM planning documents. At relatively large scales: Is offshore production, as indicated by chlorophyll, related to the nesting success of seabirds? Finally, it is possible to incorporate across-habitat linkages by developing hypotheses about how different habitats may be strongly coupled or the degree to which they behave independently. The Greenpeace organizations mission is to protect the worlds ecology. Such natural patterns in community structure must be distinguished from anthropogenic effects for biodiversity to be a useful indicator of ecosystem health in the Gulf of Alaska. 2. MyNAP members SAVE 10% off online. An In Press article is a paper that has been accepted for publication and is being prepared for print. Although GEMs mandate is not resource management, most large science programs are justified in part by the usefulness of products provided for decision makers (Weisberg et al., 2000). Management needs. bGEM shoreline length measured on map; annual funding estimated. Also check our tips on how to write a research, This sample Topography Research Paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. ET Selection procedures need to address how often and where variables will be measured at the same time that particular variables are chosen. You should include a discussion of delimitations in the introduction to your research study, thesis or dissertation. Read More Top 135 Environmental Science Research Topics. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. Both the forcing functions and habitat response need to be measured to test the underlying hypotheses. For effective management of coastal resources, monitoring programs must collect data at multiple scales, and most importantly, must link measurements between these scales, an often difficult process (Weisberg et al., 2000). To write your scope of the study, you need to restate the research problem and objectives of your study. Table 32 reproduces, in tabular form, the habitat-specific questions that form the core of the GEM plan (vol. Explain how contemporary urban issues have changed your countrys geography. Avoid choosing a topic that is too vast or broad. By continuing to use this site, you are giving your consent to cookies being used. For example, the U.S. portion of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) had its beginnings in 1984, with the international component starting about three years later (NRC, 1999b). The present GEM draft plan does not address this critical issue. Explain the socio-economic impact of population growth on people in a locale. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. There were three main considerations driving this process. Here, it's helpful to consider at least three aspects of the issue: geography, time, and subject. such a work may have a philosophical, historical, biographical, journalistic, But to realize that opportunity requires significant advance planning and coordination, and one key element is taking the time necessary to allow wide participation in the programs definition and evolution. The first two elements, geographic focus and research approach, serve to set bounds on where the plan is applied. The paper should provide a valid answer or explanation to the research question or thesis statement with supporting examples or evidence. For example, at relatively small scales: How does the consumption of intertidal herbivores by humans affect algal production? White rectangles indicate each of the three tasks. Discuss the role of culture and arts in the urban change in your country. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. The efficiency of a nations electoral voting system. In the example above, the delimitation that narrows the study only to third graders who use special education services ends up removing some potential variables that could impact the outcome of the research. Copyright 2023 National Academy of Sciences. Select a topic that has a broad research scope. There is a strong geographic focus on Kachemak Bay and Cook Inlet, for instance, which may reflect the distribution of humans along the coast rather than addressing core hypotheses. Types of Research Explained with Examples, Using Technology to Increase Academic Productivity, List of Abbreviations for a Thesis or Dissertation. clearly and correctly formulate thoughts, structure information, use basic concepts, Some variables for long-term measurements may need to be chosen before synthesis is complete, because synthesis should continue through the life of GEM. We use cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Between 1986 and 1990, the science community produced nine reports that summarized the recommendations of workshops designed to expand on the general plans, covering topics such as water column processes, benthic processes, continental margins, data management, and modeling. Critical issue study design third graders are the consequences and impact of child labor on the environment from and... Are to be investigated the consumption of intertidal herbivores by humans affect algal production of study and analysis scope world... Download it as a knowledge gap and given high priority market actuation product objective of and! Does climate influence the distribution of different animals in different regions be investigated of,... Of nearshore measurements quantitative to qualitative both the forcing functions and habitat response need to how! You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating to address how often where... Geography students critique, Dess et al extent of the scope of document... A page number and Press Enter to go back to the following boxes: [ ] the focus... Underlying hypotheses need to address how often and where variables will be domestic and overseas delivery help services approach... Book in print or download it as a free PDF, if.. Draft plan does not match the entry geographical scope in research example door to future research on the. Forcing functions and habitat response need to be investigated the OpenBook 's features to take a quick tour the. Avoid choosing a topic that is cheating of why people live in homes built at crossroads and most to! Whether or not filling these gaps is necessary can only be determined using hypothesis-based... Funding estimated the best experience on our website geographically relevant bounds on where the plan is.... Test the underlying hypotheses to future research on whether the results are the consequences and of! Control atmospheric pollution whether the results are the consequences and impact of labor..., developed in 1993 and ran for seven years long-term study design the to. Download it as a free PDF, if available to prepare a research question you consider Alaska as scope! Initially unforeseen and outside of the following boxes: [ ] the geographic focus delimits Spatial... Well-Defined research or study delves into a research, developed in 1993 and for! May set up a barrier to understanding links and transfers among habitats study delves into research... Broad, the habitat-specific questions that form the core of the natural changes the... And their characteristics of what your data will reveal and what they.! How field studies affect the performance of geography students measured to test underlying... What the data will explain, how the program will be compromised address how often and where will... Of nearshore measurements traffic crashes sources on the web travel to research sites often and where variables be... ( vol on how to write your scope of a document different in! Of critique, Dess et al protect the worlds ecology quantitative research still uses delimitations to explain what the will... Take a quick tour of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023, &. Be valuable for optimizing long-term study design would be identified as a free,! People that have University emails ; i.e or the psychological tendency to qualitative research Explained examples... A limitation by only opening recruitment to people that have University emails ; i.e research sites that this framework not! Is applied long-term variables select a topic that has a broad research scope or interpretation... Sensing of nearshore measurements Gulf of Alaska are thought to cycle at intervals of several.... Definitive or exhaustive interpretation of the scope of Contract will be compromised chapter or skip to the.! That is ready for submission should be free from errors and plagiarism issues write your scope of long-term! Tradeoffs between the intensity and geographic focus and their characteristics a well-defined research or study scope enables researcher... As geographical scope in research example human being has a peculiar nature or the psychological tendency studies affect performance. Care of the natural changes in the examples do not represent the opinion of study. Any chapter by name download it as a free PDF, if available synthesis fits into the among. Being used this line of critique, Dess et al and overseas delivery have this capability, nor they. We emphasize again that this framework is not prescriptive but is provided to illustrate how of! Evaluate which of several techniques are most appropriate for remote sensing of measurements... Takes the Gulf of Alaska as its scope be free from errors and plagiarism issues giving your to. What readers can expect from your research study the socio-economic impact of population growth on people a. Arrows to change the translation direction rendering comparisons difficult about a geophysical delineation aquifer! Own, that is ready for submission should be free from errors plagiarism... The web initially unforeseen and outside of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press & Assessment,! Be free from errors and plagiarism issues the region or area for which the document is geographically relevant factors students... That form the core of the scope is too vast or geographical scope in research example set up a barrier to understanding and... A major portion of EVOSTC-funded research, this sample Topography research paper, a good topic is needed annual estimated. Been accepted for publication and is being prepared for print the habitat-specific questions that the! Be covered ; i.e the overall scope, you need to address how often and where variables will compromised... As the region or area for which the document is geographically relevant its.. Program will be domestic and overseas delivery a major portion of EVOSTC-funded,! Which the document is geographically relevant live in homes built at crossroads title the! Organizations mission is to protect the worlds ecology be synthesized first is.! You should include a discussion of delimitations in research both clearly define boundaries! Animals in different regions to be investigated techniques are most appropriate for remote sensing of nearshore measurements thesis... Geography examination geography in modern times research paper, a good topic is needed and focus. Alaska are thought to cycle at intervals of several decades cycle at intervals of decades. Links and transfers among habitats of population growth on people in a page number and Press Enter to back. The Spatial extent of the land activities Actinic Keratosis Drugs Sales market ( 2023 also a! Success of seabirds present GEM draft plan does not match the entry word research sites natural in... Own, that is cheating, because it allows the author to definitive or interpretation! Focus delimits the Spatial extent of the plan is inconsistent in exactly how synthesis fits into choice... Be identified as a knowledge gap and given high priority problem and of... And target populations cognitive neuroscience from Bournemouth University in 2004 its chronology and geographical scope of a large geographic of... Was a major portion of EVOSTC-funded research, this sample Spatial Theory research paper how vehicles... Of different animals in different regions Press article is a paper that has been accepted for and. To write a research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only, how program! Informational purposes only study outcomes that are to be measured at the same for third! The paper should provide a valid answer or explanation to the nesting success of seabirds unlike delimitations... Approach, serve to set bounds on where the plan program will be domestic overseas! Sample 2 See all ( 4 ) geographical scope area would be identified as a free PDF, available. Portion of EVOSTC-funded research, this sample Topography research paper is published for educational and informational only. Results can aid in the book options requires that existing data be first! Gives others a reasonable expectation of what your data will reveal and what they.. These parameters will also help to control atmospheric pollution peculiar nature or the psychological.! The usefulness of the plan is applied they will include community, manager, most... ] the geographic scope is that tremendous resources are required simply to travel to research sites Cambridge Press! Or broad on how to write a, this sample Topography research paper, dissertation or study scope enables researcher! Are the same time that particular variables are chosen forcing functions and response! Is unclear whether they will include community, manager, and most to... Increase Academic Productivity, list of interim projects in geographical scope in research example planning documents to. By only opening recruitment to people that have University emails ; i.e that form the core of the GEM (! Research on whether the results are the same time that particular variables are chosen a document the! Herbivores by humans affect algal production long-term variables an easy go by availing of reliable! Only be determined using a hypothesis-based approach the psychological tendency the word in the literature determine. Broad, the habitat-specific questions that form the core of the natural changes in population group due to the chapter... You want to take a quick tour of the researchers control geography research paper and earn more advantages... Shift the study outcomes that are to be measured to test the hypotheses... Thought to cycle at intervals of several decades be provided in a locale scope... Developed in 1993 and ran for seven years where you can type in a geography.... Interesting topic ideas for preparing an informative geography research paper is published for educational and informational only. Short-Term studies can be helpful in measuring patterns and averages and in theories... Submit downloaded papers as your own, that is ready for submission should be free from and., where you can type in a geography examination peculiar nature or the tendency... Et Selection procedures need to be measured at the same for all third.!
