Unlike China, the U.S. spends more than 50% above its annual revenues leading to high deficits. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. All these testify to the strength of the Chinese economy. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. Until that happens, the world will remain unstable as the U.S. aggressively tries to eliminate political diversity. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. Even though both countries are different in every way, they are still recognized as each others competition in the International Arena. /Getty. Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. (2016). The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. China now has better highways, rail systems, bridges, and airports than the United States does. The geographic location of a country, its educational, political and legal systems plays a key role in the economic well-being of a country. For example, weve interviewed couples in which the wife jumps into the sea of starting her own businessbecoming one of Chinas many female entrepreneursbecause her husbands stable but lower-paid state-sector job will provide the family with security. The major focus of government expenditure is domestic infrastructure. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. Mandarin. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. In the countryside life retained many of its traditional elements. If China were concerned only with economic outcomes, it would welcome foreign businesses and investors and, provided they helped deliver economic growth, would treat them as equal partners, agnostic as to who owned the IP or the majority stake in a joint venture. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. As to the orientation of a new era, however, the Trump administration has yet to offer any answers or insights. Is your time best spent reading someone elses essay? A major turning point was the financial crisis of 2008, which in Chinese eyes revealed the hollowness of the Washington consensus that democratization and economic success were linked. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. In our work we have come to see that people in both business and politics often cling to three widely shared but essentially false assumptions about modern China. But this argument overlooks some fundamental differences between China and the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, and France. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Chinas GDP is forecast to grow 7% to 8% this year. Springer. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. Photo by Charles Clegg [CC BY-SA 2.0] Capitalism's global victory has been achieved through two different types of capitalist systems: the liberal meritocratic capitalism that has developed incrementally in the West, and the state-led authoritarian capitalism that is exemplified by China. The truth, then, is that China is not an authoritarian state seeking to become more liberal but an authoritarian state seeking to become more successfulpolitically as well as economically. (If you want to contribute and have specific expertise, please contact us at opinions@cgtn.com. China is also often at pains to suggest to foreign governments or investors that it is similar to the West in many aspectsconsumer lifestyles, leisure travel, and a high demand for tertiary education. Hence, we need to understand, compare, and learn from leading values in China's political culture. Both countries have human rights issues, although in different forms. Solinger, D. J. The commission has succeeded in reducing corruption in large part because it is essentially above the lawsomething unimaginable in a liberal democracy. But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. Simmons-Harris Comparative Politics Constitutional Powers Successful Pressure Groups UK and US Constitution Foundations of American Democracy Amendments After the Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Brutus Papers Checks and Balances Commerce Clause Concurrent Powers Confederation Constitutional Amendment Process Contract with America The pandemic has added urgency, but American politicians appear not to have found the answers. The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. The critical distinction is that the Chinese system is not only Marxist, its Marxist-Leninist. In Vietnam, there are three different people. The study of geography is centered on the regional system of the human-land relationship, and the core of the study of the geographical system of the human-land relationship is land use change. However, the country does have branches of government that also include the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government. Worse, the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in the face of such fundamental problems. However, as the world is constantly moving towards a market-based system, the country had to switch to this system that allowed it to increase economic and still maintain its communist status. The United States has a democratic system, but in countries . In the early 2010s she started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened up. These similarities are real, but they are manifestations of the wealth and personal aspirations of Chinas newly affluent middle class, and they in no way negate the very real differences between the political systems of China and the West. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). Thats why China is the most active private-equity market in Asia. Springer. The point is that a China-based supply chain has proved a blessing, not a curse, in this pandemic. In China, however, growth has come in the context of stable communist rule, suggesting that democracy and growth are not inevitably mutually dependent. Canadian jurisdiction is the opposite; if it's not left to the Provinces, it's most likely the responsibility of the federal government. The US is a developed country, its national infrastructure has essentially been completed; China is a developing country and is undergoing large-scale infrastructure construction. GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. Navigating your companys future in China, Americans Dont Know How Capitalist China Is, Economics and Democracy Are Two Sides of the Same Coin, Authoritarian Political Systems Cant Be Legitimate, The Chinese Live, Work, and Invest Like Westerners, A version of this article appeared in the. Editor's note: Andrew Korybko is a Moscow-based American political analyst. It is important to understand the background of the political systems in both China and the United States in order to compare both, especially the theoretical system of governance they follow, whether a pluralist or oligarchical system. Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. And the party has always believed in and emphasized the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist thought, with all they imply. But because this is also a Leninist system, those issues are of critical importance to Chinese leaders, who wont change their minds about them, however effective or helpful their foreign partners are economically. 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. They dont know how socialist it is, with its Social Security system and its policies to tax the rich by collecting capital gains taxes. Those countries have since 1945 been pluralist democracies with independent judiciaries. Are you seeing a significant shift in supply chains out of China? The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. 9. Second, the economic structure is different. First, the similarities among both countries institutions would be the hierarchical construction of their judicial system; the separation of three branches of . Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . When we first traveled to China, in the early 1990s, it was very different from what we see today. First, China and the United States are at different stages of development. The differences in the political orders of China and the United States are "irreconcilable", making it difficult to keep relations between the two countries on a stable track, a leading. A young student in Nanjing can study propulsion physics at Beijings Tsinghua University thanks to social mobility and the partys significant investment in scientific research. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. The benefits are both financial (for example, access to mortgage loans) and social (permission to buy a ticket on one of the new high-speed trains). In the years since, China has become an economic titan, a global leader in technology innovation, and a military superpower, all while tightening its authoritarian system of governmentand reinforcing a belief that the liberal narrative does not apply to China. Learn how to overcome barriers when working globally. China is among the most open markets in the world: It is the largest trading nation and also the largest recipient of foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States in 2020. A median of 41% across the 14 EU member nations surveyed name China, compared with a median of 39% who say the same about the United States. Chinas Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism. The name of the game in China is scale. The premier controls the civil bureaucracy, The party general secretary runs the economy. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the One reason that many people misread Chinas trajectory may be thatparticularly in the English-language promotional materials the Chinese use overseasthe country tends to portray itself as a variation on a liberal state, and therefore more trustworthy. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. But the technology war also hurts U.S. suppliers. In a speech in 2000 former U.S. President Bill Clinton declared, By joining the WTO, China is not simply agreeing to import more of our products, it is agreeing to import one of democracys most cherished values: economic freedom. Much of Donald Trumps rhetoric and his actions on China were meant to deflect attention from his leadership failures at home, such as neglecting his duty to protect the public from the coronavirus. Many people have wrongly assumed that political freedom would follow new economic freedoms in China and that its economic growth would have to be built on the same foundations as in the West. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. This suggests that something distinctive to mainland China influences this behavior: long-term unpredictability thats sufficiently recent to have been experienced by or passed on to those now buying stocks. What to Know. The White Houses China-bashing is more about a fight for self-identification than about exonerating the Trump administration. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. For much of its turbulent modern history, China has been under threat from foreign powers, both within Asia (notably Japan) and outside it (the UK and France in the mid 19th century). This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. This means that business contracts are not usually detailed in China since the civil codes do not cover most laws. We are using Google Analytics to enhance your experience. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. Since China is a communist and one-party state, citizen engagement is lower in comparison to democratic states. The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. There are, however, other forms of citizen engagement at a more local level when electing a township government, which can be done through public recommendation or public nomination ( (Cheng), 2011). The branches of the government are not only responsible for the laws of the land but are also responsible for ensuring free and fair elections and that the citizens of the country that they represent are being heard (USG, 2020). Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). This is the logical extension of China-U.S. competition from the perspective of U.S. economic nationalism. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. For any deep analysis of the ideological aspects of the China-U.S. rivalry to be complete, two questions need to be answered: What political interests do the ideologies serve, and in what forms are they presented? After observing how other nations are doing well under democracy in the international market, countries with command systems are now doing all they can to change this even if it means giving up some of their traditions. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. The Communist Party of China (CPC) harbors no supremacist beliefs and doesn't plan to export its governing model abroad. Order original essay online with 25% off. Its currency appreciated 6% against the dollar last year. Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. These are the reforms China is makingand they need to be understood on their own terms, not simply as a distorted or deficient version of a liberal model. Today he is the CEO of PAG, a $40 billion private equity firm based in Hong Kong. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. PAG invested about $100 million in a digital music business in China a few years back which subsequently merged with a similar business and changed its name to Tencent Music Entertainment. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. The United States is famous for being ethnically and religiously diverse, but most of the branches of the government are made up of Christian and White males who have come from affluent backgrounds and studied from elite universities such as the Ivy Leagues. With less than a quarter of Chinas population, America has a death toll about 100 times Chinas and counting. The Communist Party of China does not give the citizens any chance to question the existing and it has total control of everything going on in the state (Solinger, 2016). China, however, has been able to sustain and grow its economy as much as it practices a command economy. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. However, there are usually lawful ways to get around that. With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. China and the United States significantly differ in terms of the economic, legal and political system but this does not stop them from being the top two nation with the biggest economy worldwide. The article reflects the author's views and not necessarily those of CGTN. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. The positions in this branch can be for either a five-year long term or even an unlimited amount of time. Does the U.S. even have the power to hurt China economically? Our response? What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. Today its traded on the New York Stock Exchange with a market cap of about $45 billion and has more than 800 million unique active users. That, perhaps, is why its current president and (more crucially) party general secretary, Xi Jinping, has let it be known that he considers Gorbachev a traitor to the cause for liberalizing as he did, thereby destroying the Communist Partys hold on the USSR. The Trump administration was determined to damage Chinas economy and businesses. Today the differences are arguably a lot smaller, and there are many areas in which the two can benefit from cooperation. The reality is quite different. Lobbying groups have more of an influence on the government of the United States than the citizens themselves, which creates the question if the US is more pluralist or elitist, and the matter of the fact is that the US is not really a representative republic but rather a pluralist oligarchy. Some of its technological successes have been driven by market forces: People wanted to buy goods or communicate more easily, and the likes of Alibaba and Tencent have helped them do just that. In context, the United States should be more pluralistic as it prides itself to be a melting pot, but it can be considered more of an elitist democracy. (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. Hence the public debt as a percentage of GDP is higher for the U.S. relative to China and the. And the narrative has had some powerful supporters. It seems that the only country that can stifle Chinas growth is China itselfif it makes major policy mistakes. Corporatism also recognizes only one organization as its sole representative, which can be seen through the CCP (Chan, 1994). . Chinas history continues to color its view of international relationsand in large part explains its current obsession with the inviolability of its sovereignty. The past decade has, if anything, strengthened Chinese leaders view that economic reform is possible without liberalizing politics. This clear disconnect is attributable to the so-called "culture war" that's spiraled out of control over the past year and has led to profound changes in American society since then. In this view, Trump wont necessarily lose if he fails to bring the pandemic under control; but if he fails to save the U.S. economy, his fate is sealed. But even those concepts lead to considerable misunderstanding on the part of Westerners, who often reduce Confucianism to cloying ideas about peace and cooperation. While Bidens policy proposals reflect fading U.S. hegemonistic attitudes, Trump is showing Americans the status quo of U.S. power. In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. The differences in political beliefs led to the formation of a two-party system in the United States, contrary to George Washington's wishes. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. The only obligation they have is to follow the law that in most cases is straightforward. The United States and China are different in almost every way in their social norms, administrative policies, economic reforms, and the vastest difference in their political ideology. Avoid editing or writing from scratch! Many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievements have actually come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Nolan, P. (2012). One thing hasnt changed, though: Many Western politicians and business executives still dont get China. The United States has a democratic government system with three branches in the system, legislative, executive, and judicial. Will remain unstable as the U.S. spends more than 50 % above its annual leading... 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