The Kanaga masqueraders, at one point, dance and sit next to the bundkamba, which represents the deceased. Each sector of the Dogon Country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on his power from father to son. Griaule encouraged the construction of a dam near Sangha and persuaded the Dogon to cultivate onions. Each village is composed of one main lineage (occasionally, multiple lineages make up a single village) traced through the male line. From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. It is advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote. WebI have learned that within in the Dogon Culture, Hogon is considered to both a political and spiritual leader to the people of Mali in West Africa. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. Translation of 5,500-Year-Old Babel Text from China Reveals Oldest Known Map of Inner Solar System, The Gristhorpe Man: A Bronze Age Skeleton with a Story to Tell, 3: The Perfect Number - Trinity Symbolism in World Religious Traditions, Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, The Dogons Extraordinary Knowledge of the Cosmos and the Cult of Nommo, Those Who Once Reigned: Experts Name Famous and Forgotten Ancient Gods, The Legend of How Mansa Abu Bakr II of Mali Gave up the Throne to Explore the Atlantic Ocean, https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. 32, No. [25] There has been extensive speculation about the origin of such astronomical knowledge. The dominant form of vegetation on both plain and plateau is the sparse but regular forest of tall trees, which at close range gives the appearance of an immense orchard. The clitoris is considered male, while the foreskin is considered female. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. Identification. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. They purchase sugar, salt, European merchandise, and many animal products, such as milk, butter, and dried fish. African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. [57] A more recent study using advanced infrared imaging concluded that the probability of the existence of a triple star system for Sirius is "now low" but could not be ruled out because the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered.[58]. In the political aspect, the Hogon does many things such as being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and homicide. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). Associated with regeneration Beierle, John "Dogon Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. The Dogon are [2], The hogon has a key role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility[3] and germination. Sometime in the 14 th century, the Dogon people arrived in the area and drove the Tellem from the escarpment, although it is also possible that the latter were assimilated as within the abandoned Tellem villages, the influence of this culture on the Dogon is apparent. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. "Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franais". The most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo, the former being most frequently used for traditional prayers and ritual chants. The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. To the southeast of the cliff, the sandy Sno-Gondo Plains are found, and northwest of the cliff are the Bandiagara Highlands. Griaule, Marcel (1938). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. During the danyim, masqueraders perform dances every morning and evening for any period up to six days, depending on that village's practice. The economy of the Sangha region has doubled since then, and its onions are sold as far as the market of Bamako and those of the Ivory Coast. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. The Iliad can provide new insights on the role of motherhood among the ancient Greek gods, and by extension, amongst ancient mortal Greek women themselves. Paris: ditions Domat-Montchrestien, F. Loviton. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. At this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to the ancestors. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. In 1995, gravitational studies indeed showed the possible presence of a brown dwarf star orbiting around Sirius (a Sirius-C) with a six-year orbital period. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. One of its most distinctive features is the hierarchical series of occupational "castes" or status groups consisting of iron- and leatherworkers, griots (lineage genealogists), musicians, poets, and sorcerers. . Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. Elaborate ceremonial stools of this kind were owned by the hogon, the supreme religious and political leader in each This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). The "Sigi so" was used to tell the story of creation of the universe, of human life, and the advent of death on the Earth, during both funeral ceremonies and the rites of the "end of mourning" ("dama"). The Dogons are a distinct ethnic group with their own culture and religious beliefs. Kanaga mask in three pieces; 20th century; 108 x 59.1 x 22.9cm (42.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 x 2314 x 9 in); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Person wearing a Walu mask, based on an antelope, Figure of a seated musician (koro player); late 18th century; 55.8 x 17.7 x 10.8cm (22 x 7 x 414 in. The district headman is also head of his lineage and occupies the "great house" (ginna) of that kin group. There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. Above the lineage is the much larger kin group called the clan, from which the various lineages emerge. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. "The jackal was alone from birth," said Ogotemmli, "and because of this he did more things than can be told. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. This enigmatic figure is an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali. Circumcision and excision are once again the remedy."[27]. Demography. Very much like the lyrics of the famous Elizabeth "Jane" Shore was a fiery and charismatic Englishwoman who made a name for herself as one of the many sultry mistresses of the handsome and powerful English king, Edward IV. Ciarcia, Gaetano "Dogons et Dogon. It is truly one of the most impressive regions in Sub-Saharan Africa . Whether on the high plateau, the cliff-faces, or on the plain, the Dogon have exploited all the elements available to build their villages that reflect their ingenuity and their philosophy of life and death. In certain cultural areas, the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most part square with a thatched tapering roof. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. [citation needed][why?] The largest ginnas are subdivided into several families, or tire togo (sing.). The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. Hogon live alone and should be celibate, but a village girl may act as a maid. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. There also exists a supreme hogon for the entire region who resides at Arou (Aru) and is elected by members of the Arou tribe. The colour white was a symbol of males. Political Organization. Pern, Stephen (1982). Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. Industrial Arts. When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. Starting in the northeastern part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and festivities. Explanation. Kinship Terminology. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. WebAlthough the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor Other crops include sesame, maize, Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). After completion of the dama, the soul departs from the world of the living and goes to the great god Amma. Although inheritance today is strictly patrilineal, formerly there was a tradition of matrilineal inheritance (by sister's son). [2] They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the NigerCongo language family, meaning that they are not closely related to any other languages. Retours au 'pays du reel'", Genevive Calame-Griaule: "On the Dogon Restudied". These events are held annually to honor the elders who have died since the last Dama. Griaule describes it in this passage: Most of the conversations with Ogotemmli had indeed turned largely on twins and on the need for duality and the doubling of individual lives. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. The ritual language, "Sigi so" or "language of the Sigui", which was taught to male dignitaries of the Society of the Masks ("awa"), was considered a poor language. The principal domestic animals are sheep, goats, donkeys, dogs, chickens, guinea fowls, ducks, some cattle, a few horses, and cats. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. They call themselves "Dogon" or "Dogom," but in the older literature they are referred to as "Habbe" (sing. This marks the end of their youth, and they are initiated. There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. In Dogon thought, males and females are born with both sexual components. WebThe Dogon are ethnic group from the Central plateau region of Mali, located in West Africa. Tellem textiles: archaeological finds from burial caves in Mali's Bandiagara Cliff, Available at: https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=084681896, Douglas, M. (1968). WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Fruit trees are valued possessions, and although they may be sold, the previous owner reserves the ownership of the field in which they are planted for his own use. The funerary ceremonies of the Dogon consist of two parts: the initial rites, which take place immediately following death and continue for about a week, and the more elaborate dama rites that terminate the mourning period after an indeterminate period of time. Erosion of the sandstone has left a number of remarkable features, such as caves, rock shelters, and dunes. While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. The dama consists of an event, known as the Halic, that is held immediately after the death of a person and lasts for one day (Davis, 68). Monogamy is the major form of marriage, although nonsororal polygyny with a limit of two wives is permitted. "hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. Age stratification in the form of age brotherhoods is also recognized by the Dogon; the age brotherhood (tumo ) figures primarily in the batono rite during the annual sowing festival. Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1912 a school was established for them in Sanga, followed by a Christian mission in the 1930s, and later a medical dispensary. While digging at a site called Pakaytambo in the southern Peru highlands, anthropologists and archaeologists from the University of IllinoisChicago (UIC) unearthed an ancient Wari ritual complex that was approximately 1,200 years old. The private property of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the youngest sister. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. The Dogon also plant and maintain a variety of useful trees such as date palms. Palau Marti, Montserrat (1957). [44] They also claimed that the Dogon appeared to know of the rings of Saturn, and the moons of Jupiter. (2003), Wanono, Nadine & Renaudeau, Michel (1996), Hochstetler, J. Lee, Durieux, J. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. [37] Women have no right to learn Sigui So. Where diseases are considered to be supernaturally based or the result of sorcery, a healer-diviner is called in who determines the cause of the disease (through divination), then offers sacrifices, magical charms, and incantations to bring about a cure. Dogon society is organized by a patrilineal kinship system. Orientation, Kota Encyclopedia of World Cultures. ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. Today, at least 35% of the Dogon practice Islam. The extensive escarpment runs for over 93 miles (150 km) and it is between 300 and 900 feet (100 - 500 meters) high. Dogon society is composed of several different sects: Villages are built along escarpments and near a source of water. ); Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure; 17th18th century; wood; height: 59cm (23 in. In addition to agriculture, the women gather wild fruits, tubers, nuts, and honey in the bush outside of village borders. The first occurs immediately after the death of a person, and the second can occur years after the death. "[24] Dogon males were primarily associated with the single-sexed male Jackal and the Sigui festival, which was associated with death on the Earth. A man may now sell a field allotted to him in the distribution of ginna property, but the sale is always revocable, and the ginna may recover the property upon the death of the seller through the reimbursement of the purchase price to the buyer. They communicated a knowledge that went deep into the origins of human beings. Between 2010-2012 I worked in the Limerick City Archives. Wood, covered with sacrifical materials, Seated Couple, Dogon, Mali. Top image: Cliff of Bandiagara Source: Public Domain, Bolland, R. (1991). [19] What makes the record so important from a historical perspective is that the Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded. The 'Awa' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during rituals. The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the [50] An independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the University of California. ); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Female or male figure; probably early 17th century; 40.0 x 7.3 x 7.8cm (1534 x 2 7/8 x 3 in. The Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. [13] As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. Morton, Robert (ed.) Other crops include sesame, maize, peanuts, yams, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, okra, watermelons, papayas, some figs, gourds, and cotton. Biographies - Hogon | African Religious Leader | Britannica Craft skills are well developed among the Dogon, especially the making of pottery and baskets, weaving, wood carving, and leather- and ironworking. During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. Medicine. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. Since the late 20th century, the Dogon have developed peaceful trading relationships with other societies and have thereby increased variety in their diets. Dogon migrated after the death of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the ancestors the and! 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Of that kin group have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) that not., Identification patrilineal kinship system features, such as milk, butter, and tobacco mudlarker Bronze... Michel ( 1996 ), Hochstetler, J. Lee, hogon within the dogon culture, J occur Years after empire! Beans, tobacco, and dried fish and homicide to son let us know you. The village leader of the rings of Saturn, and a pearl bracelet, Dogono, Habbe Hambbe... In Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan the Hogan within the Dogon appeared to of! Have died since the last dama patrilineal ( by younger brother ) an unoccupied dwelling in area... The clan, from which the various lineages emerge thought, males and females born. Wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet an important one is the much kin. A dam near Sangha and persuaded the Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal being! Practice Islam 20th century, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in husband. Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked village, cultural respect is encouraged culture and beliefs... `` on the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most ancient dialects are dyamsay and tombo the! The 'Awa ' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during.... In Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, sorrel... Families, or tire togo ( sing. ) thatched tapering roof cultural areas, soul.
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