Lead bulla of Gregory IX. Pope Gregory IX did issue a papal bull, . Conrad had initially been involved in the persecution of the Cathars and enjoyed significant successes during the Albigensian crusade of 1209 -1229. Enter the ancestors of Garfield the Cat. Ugolino assumes the mantle of the pope immediately in the papal election of 1227 after the death of Pope Honorius III (Conrad of Urach was chosen initially, but declined). In those days, papal inquisitors extracted confessions from prisoners that they worshiped the devil and his black cat by torturing them vigorously. Evil cradles in the Austin Powers franchise. This cruel practice continued until 1817 although the Kattenstoet continues to this day- involving stuffed cats instead. Cat burning and other forms of cat hating have survived the centuries since. Many of these rodents had fleas that carried diseases including the Black Plague. (Accessed June 1, 2018). Some people even went as far as blaming. Im coming out pretty strong against this cat-plague connection, but the truth is I cant say for sure. While there is no evidence that cats in medieval England were persecuted, their mousing skills were likened to the devils ability to catch souls, with the fifteenth-century merchant William Caxton remarking how the devil playeth ofte with the synnar, lyke as the catte doth with the mous. Some historians believe that the persecutions across Europe so depleted cat numbers that mouse- and rat-catching by cats diminished- one of the reasons why the Bubonic Plague took such a deadly hold in Europe during the fourteenth century. Firstly, they are greeted by an abnormally large frog or toad, whose behind they must kiss and then a man of fearful pallor and thinness whose task was to suck out every last remnant of faith in the Catholic Church from their soul. The Nazcacat geoglyphwas only discovered last October. Also, in 1182, to aid the churchs vendetta against the Cathars, the French theologian Alain de Lille falsely claimed that the sect took its name from the cat instead of the real source, the Greek katharoi or pious ones. The mass murder of cats was not the only cause of the Black Plague, but it removed a crucial natural predator of the flea-carrying rats that spread the disease. Cats were later blamed for the Black Death (1346-1352), though rats were actually the culprit. Great read! The reforms were based on the suggestions of the Italian scientist Luigi Lilio, with some modifications by the Jesuit mathematician and astronomer Christopher Clavius. Share this article your friends will love it too! This is mainly because the black plague ravaged Asia before it goes on its way to Europe. In Ypres in Belgium, it was the custom to hurl cats from the belfry of local churches and then set them on fire during the festival of cats or Kattenstoet. This bull, the story goes, declared cats as the instruments of Satan, and set Medieval Europe on a great cat purge, with special attention paid to black cats, who were particularly Luciferian. Wolves/dogs integrated themselves into society. It wouldnt be the first time Catholicism has decided an animal once worshipped by pagans needed to be rebranded as Satanic (see: goats). I dont really agree that cats offered no protection from the plague. Many superstitions, including fear of black cats, continue to this day. On March 19, 1227, 80-year-old cardinal Ugolino di Segni became Pope Gregory IX. In the 13th Century a wave of anti-cat sentiment swept through Europe, with religious leaders labeling cats as evil and diabolical, including Pope Gregory IX who did so in 1232 AD. Its long-term effect, however, was to reshape the view of the cat in European society in general, morphing it from a pagan sacred animal into an agent of hell. No cats appear the police cruisers, but I can almost imagine a cat sitting alongside the witches on their broomsticks. The people of the time may have felt that this was the end of days, but the wake of the plague was nothing but an opportunity for survivors. Potential infected flea hosts include: rodents, humans, dogs, and cats. While ancient Egyptians would have rathersurrenderto invading army than harm a hand on a cat, the belief by others that cats cannot be trained to be loyal and obedient like a dog, was a source ofanxietyover cats during medieval times. Retrieved from https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/02/06/in-the-middle-ages-devil-fearing-christians-killed-cats-which-carried-the-unintended-consequence-of-increasing-the-rat-population-and-the-spread-of-the-black-death/, Horrox, Rosemary. The Black Plague did happen. The following rites of this [sect] are carried out: When any novice is to be received among them and enters the sect of the damned for the first time, the shape of a certain frog [or toad] appears to him. I live in a city, so I have plenty of experience with both cats and mice. So a thing about the inquisition was that they would torture people to get confessions and such because that's a good way to make people say what you want to hear. In an era when unknown phenomena seemed like they could only be explained by powerful deities, it seemed only natural to the Egyptians to worship kitty cats. At length, when the novice has come forward, [he] is met by a man of wondrous pallor who has black eyes and is so emaciated [and] thin that since his flesh has been wasted, seems to have remaining only skin drawn over bone. But today, the association between cats and Halloween persist, perhaps ironically because spurious associations between cats and Satan worshiping that the Catholic Church pushed, some 800 years ago. Did Pope Gregory's comfort with the law cause him to overstep his station as the pope? How then could he have impacted the good people of the 1300s? To understand why suspicions of cats persist, you need to go back to the 13th Century, whenPope Gregory IXhad a definite opinion of cats and it wasnt a positive one. Based on these confessions, in 1233 Pope Gregory IX issued an official papal decree declaring that Satan was half-cat and sometimes took the form of cat. Even those among us who love cats (not me, I like dogs) freely admit that they are mercurial and probably evil animals that deal death for fun and would eat our eyes if they got the chance. Once the lights came back on, from a dark corner, the figure of a man emerges. This man was Lucifer, who the whole company firmly believed to have been wronged by God. Once the initial hysteria died down, cats, like the would-be witches were left alone for a time, giving them time to repopulate- and remained prolific enough to continue to be culled. Because the powers that be dictated that the cat composed one of the main identifiers of a witch, the Church officially excommunicated the entire species. I would suggest that theres more to the story. Unfortunately, modern DNA testing allowed us to dig into the causes of death from aging corpses. Thus, purported heretics, such as the Cathars and Waldensians, were accused of worshipping cats, according toMedievalists.net. Cat burning became a favorite medieval pastime in France, where cats were suspended over fires in cages or doused and set alight- even chased on fire through the streets by cat chasers. Gregory IX approved the Northern Crusades of the Teutonic Order, the purpose of which was the baptism of the Baltic pagan peoples, and which led to the attempts of the Catholic colonialists to seize the lands of Pskov and Novgorod principalities. Retrieved from https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/ravens-memory-unfair-trade/. If these furry creatures association with fictitious international criminals isnt enough, cats also have been linked to witchcraft: In the Middle Ages, women who owned black cats came under suspicion as did the cats, who were assumed to bewitches in disguise and were burned at the stake. Literally no cats. Want more crazy cat facts? Pope Benedict died Dec. 31, 2022, at the age of 95 in his residence at the . He believed that cats were evil creatures because they were related to Satan. Both rats and pigeons would make a great next plague material though, The bull does not, however, dictate that Catholics across Europe kill all cats to stop Satan Islam doesnt tell Muslims to kill pigs but they still chase and try to kill one by kicking and hitting if they see it on the street because they believe it is evil and forbidden. Another belief is that the plague wasairborne. The Waldenses, who were founded in 1170 by Peter Waldo claimed that individuals could commune with God directly, negating the need for priests. This info on Pope Gregory the ASSWHOLE is just another scandal caused by a Pope. In the meantime, accusations of witchcraft began to spread amongst the ordinary people, as a way of settling grudges or seizing property and cats began to be used as proof of satanic association. Those arrested by Conrad, therefore, had only two options: admit to heresy and spend the rest of their lives as a known former heretic or burn. In fact, most people who believe the Europeans wiped out cats which caused the Black Death bull crap, is that cats werent the only animals used for catching rats. (2007, September 1). I adore cats, they are so zen. During this period, cat-burning was considered to bringgood luck. STOP W/ THE BABIES ALREADY. I like cats, but I dont wear leopard skin or go around posting pictures of cats everywhere. It also provided a remarkably full account of their Satanic rite. A witch and her cat. Even today, the Vatican still throws shade at cats. He tended to treat all those accused as guilty until proven innocent and threatened all those who would not confess with the flames. Where once these creatures had been common household animals, they were now regarded as dangerous, unpredictable and demonic. Like most diseases, were hard pressed to find thebad guy. Retrieved from https://www.petmd.com/cat/conditions/infectious-parasitic/c_ct_plague%20, Quora. ps. Lastly, a bit of science about the plague: the disease is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is initially transmitted by fleas, which pass it to their hosts. Nazca, a culture that lived in what is now Peru, etched a 37-meter-long geoglyph of a cat in the coast plain some 2,000 years ago. Is the Vox in Rama authentic? Elsewhere in Europe, the legacy of cat killings passed into folk practices. Also, the Plague was not carried by rats, but fleas, which can latch onto any animal. These inferences have led to a story that appears to lack evidence. NASA is launching the DNA of some of the most prolific presidents in US history, The 1985 story of a bear that ate 77 pounds of Plabo Escobar's finest cocaine. Further, the plague wasnt a one-off event in Europe. AKSHAY. While there appears to be no evidence that Pope Gregory IX ever told people to kill cats, there have been smaller historical examples of Medieval folks killing cats for weird reasons. First, consider the dates: Pope Gregory IXs papal bull was issued between 1232 and 1234. The only problem is that this story probably isnt true. Im not saying it was a great time to be alive, but it was a more complex time than people give it credit for. It mentioned Pope Gregorys hate on for cats. Writing is my first love. Interesly, June 7, 2016, The spooky history of how cats bewitched us, Abigail Tucker, The Washington Post, October 31, 2016, The History of the cat in the Middle Ages (Part 2): The Black cat as the devil in Christian sects, L A Vocelle, The Great Cat: The Cat in History, Art, and Literature. Based on the Vox in Rama translation there is no exact phrase that urges Konrad or other inquisitors to go on a cathunt all across Europe. Gregory IX was the head of the Catholic Church from 1227 to 1241. That is the well-accepted history, but is it really true? People banged drums and kept the sparrow in the air not permitting them to land until they died of exhaustion! While rat-kind cant directly carry the disease, they carry the fleas that contain the bacteria Y. Pestis. Wikimedia Commons. So theres a lot of weak info out there about the backwards things that Medieval people were wont to do. So Gregory began to formalize and promote practices that formed the basis of the later medieval inquisition. When I was a kid, my mom thought that Id have my own talk show because I was always asking people lots of questions about themselves. In the fourth century, a Christian monk named Evagrius Ponticus wrote down what's known as the "eight evil thoughts": gluttony, lust, avarice, anger, sloth, sadness . We know there was a massive reduction in cat populations at the time because of this, so its plausible to make the connection. When I graduated college,I began living my own dream as a reporter for a news media outlet. Hera are six really weird pets that you could actually own. At first glance, these rites, with their orgies and obscenities seem to be deliberately far-fetched. The nauseating details of the cult initiation process plunge Europe into a manhunt of felines a cathunt. Wages rose fast in the absence of labor. Gregory based his theory on evidence from Conrad of Marburg, a papal inquisitor. But some of their adversaries do. Public Domain. After all, the devil was already at work through heretics. Weve discovered that the two diseases were one and the same, spread by contact, not the air. Yes, I did say an astronaut that looks suspiciously like Neil Armstrong was carved in the face of the earth two millennia ago. The Churchs feline foibles didnt stop with Gregory, however. Interestingly enough, the author of the article writes that one reason cats are evil is that they are the favored pets of witches. Actually, witches both modern ones and the one who were burned at the stake during Middle Ages owned cats because being close to nature is central to theirreligious beliefs. Cats absolutely devastate wildlife when out in nature, killing millions of birds and having been responsible for extinction of species. So, rather than being a document banning cats from Europe, it was a letter sent to a city warning them about a cult. Your email address will not be published. I am here because of a PBS documentary on cats that I saw recently. (2017, February 6). The truth is that cats could not have prevented the black death. This seems to add up for the modern reader. His papacy started when hereticism run rampant in Europe, and yet, by the end of his term, he saw the completion of one of the most important canon law in the Catholic Church known as the Decretales Gregorii IX, excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and (allegedly) founded the earliest incarnation of the papal inquisition. In the 13th century, an inquisitor described, in a report to the pope, a Satanic cult in Germany that used cats as part of a ritual, and the pope's response quoted some of his information (which has been described as medieval propaganda by some). Wierd Tales, Vol 36. However, it was also a piece of papal legislation that was notable in another way, for the Vox was the first papal bull to associate the cat with witchcraft. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death, Georgievska, Marija. Gregory IX (Wikimedia Commons) Pope Gregory IX was a pretty good pope by medieval standards. Pope Gregory IV (Latin: Gregorius IV; died 25 January 844) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from October 827 to his death. Welcome to BELIEVE.art, home of Revolutionary Artist & Warrior-Poet, Chairman Meow. In 1233, Pope Gregory IX's "Vox in Rama," a warning against the perils of witchcraft, accused its targets of canoodling with a black cat that was actually Lucifer in disguise. Wierd Tales, Vol 36. He has a brother named Adenulphus who later on in life served as the rector of Anagni, while Ugolino himself was educated in Paris and per known tradition, Bologna. Gregory immediately recognizing Conrad as a useful tool in his war against religious dissent. The proverbial compendium of collective human knowledge at that point was certainly shorter and harder to access than it is now, but people back then still used their brains. It wasn't until Pope Gregory IX came to power in the 1200s that black cats became a symbol of bad luck. He was born Ugolino di Conti but took the name Gregory when he becamethe pope. In my home, I use cat statuettes as bookends, and have various other representations of these felines throughout my home. Meanwhile, they need that meat on the regular and know how to get it, so theyre great at killing and eating vermin. Which brings us back to Pope Innocent VIIIs 1484 declaration that the cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches., The cat was the devils favourite animal and idol of all witches. Pope Innocent VIII. Its true that paper cutouts of these furry creatures make nice imagery at Halloween parties. Thou Shalt not suffer a Cat to Live: Why Pope Gregory IXs Vox in Rama Implicated Cats in Devil Worship. The Church had already accused the Waldenses of worshipping the devil in the form of a cat. Reply . Here are our sources? Where do we get our stuff? For Conrad in his quest for heretics around Mainz and Hildesheim claimed to have uncovered a Luciferian cult. You literally cannot even be bothered to recall the NAMES of the people youre talking about. you suck; F-; see edict ex cathadre by a subsequent POPE reversing greggy 9s cat condemnation- also, Y-Perstis fleas only and I mean ONLY like rats; why? The fleas just love cat blood so much more than ours. And it gets repeated because it feels right to many people - it makes our ancestors look stupid and so make. Lets see if the math adds up. Cats came to be seen as a symbol of witchcraft, and even as the embodiment of Satan himself. Vermin did a number on harvests, but cats were natures perfect solution: they literally cant eat anything that isnt meat, which means that they pose no risk to the crops. For example February 8, 2013. OVERPOPULATION OF HUMANS IS THE RUINATION OF THE PLANET. The cat throwing. The final point though is that contemporary accounts and the examination of modern doctors and historians of the evidence from them has shown bacteria that caused the Black Death can take the form of a lung infection called pneumonic plague, which was spread easily between humans. https://owlcation.com/humanities/Cats-and-the-Black-Plague, https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/06/ravens-memory-unfair-trade/, http://historycollection.co/thou-shalt-not-suffer-a-cat-to-live-why-pope-gregory-ixs-vox-in-rama-implicated-cats-in-devil-worship/, https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article-abstract/CXXII/498/1075/457108/The-Black-Death-in-Egypt-and-England-A-Comparative?redirectedFrom=fulltext, https://www.britannica.com/event/Black-Death, http://www.kattenstoet.be/en/page/497-511/the-cat-throwing.html, https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/histories/eight-witchcraft-myths/, https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp, Abee, Holle. These new, heretical beliefs varied. As it went into the fourth and fifth years ! If cats were evil, it made sense that they were responsible for all the death and . The Popes were all lecherous greedy thieves seeking nothing but power for themselves & their families. One such individual was a German priest and nobleman, Conrad of Marburg. Gregory was a reluctant pontiff- and not just because of his age. There were probably several strains of plague spreading through Europe. 1958 China Chairman Mao and the great leap forward he had designs on wiping out the four evils Like, if I were to think of evil depictions on display in a museum, this would be one of them. The mass killing of those docile beautiful creatures is despicable. As a journalist, I spoke daily with public affairs officers who represented diverse government and corporate clients. Locusts and every other kind because the sparrow not only ate grain but also insects the great 3 year famin followed and the official Chinese records showed 15 million people died of starvation but later studies done by experts from outside of China say the official numbers are fudged badly in an optimistic attempt to cover the true death toll of around 45 million plus some even say as high as 70 million!! While I cannot say for certain that things didnt happen this way, there appear to be holes. Its disgusting the way people treat and exploit these great animals. Since that time, black cats have symbolized bad luck, or a curse, to people not only in Europe but throughout the world. But the cars we have for pets are not naturally in the wild for thousands of years. And the Black Death didnt just travel to Europeit did its thing in Egypt, too, where it may have done more damage than it did in England.7. What Im seeing here is a well-researched fact piece angering someone who kinda half-remembers something she thinks she read somewhere this one time. Pope Gregory XII (Latin: Gregorius XII; Italian: Gregorio XII; c. 1327 - 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario, or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. 10 Things To Know About Stephen Hawking, The World's Coolest Scientist, Mary Somerville: The Woman For Whom The Word "Scientist" Was Made, What Stephen Hawking Thinks Threatens Humankind The Most, 27 Raw Images Of When Punk Ruled New York, Join The All That's Interesting Weekly Dispatch, six really weird pets that you could actually own. Which means that killing off the rats main predators was probably not the best idea. Pope Gregory IX (1147-1241) was probably the world's worst cat hater or at least he did the most damage to cats. https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/plague/factsheet.asp. Ugolino chooses the name Gregory IX, as he assumed the office at the monastery of St. Gregory ad Septem Solia and fully embracing the papal supremacy policy following the footsteps of Gregory VII and Innocent III. DeAgostini/Getty Images. Where do we get our stuff? Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/Is-the-Vox-in-Rama-authentic-What-effects-did-it-have, PetMD. The Black Death came in 1347. Its believed by some that the plague spread, at least in part,via rats. (2016, May 4). Apparently snakes and scorpions were threats too. Queen Elizabeth I celebrated her coronation with the burning of a cat-stuffed effigy. Before the 13th century, many societies, . Yeah you have a good point there! Cats were beloved by Egyptians. Cats are not assholes, as this writer and many dog lovers like to repeat endlessly (and its SO tiresome to listen). By Gregorys decree, there was a target on the head of every black cat. 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